Disponibilidade hídrica em microbacias de manejo florestal em Santa Catarina e Paraná, Brasil

Abstract

With population growth and new consumption demands, studies involving water resources are increasingly needed to solve water resources problems. This way, the general objective of this work was to determine the annual water availability in the microbasins where forest management activities are done out by a company in the forestry segment in the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, Brazil. For this purpose, 8 fluviometric stations in the Alto Iguaçu basin and its tributaries were selected to generate flow regionalization equations, that were subsequently applied in the delimited microbasins, using the company's existing database. In addition, the representativeness of two experimental watersheds was verified, one predominantly using the soil of Pinus sp. And the other predominantly native vegetation in relation to the company's total forest base through inferential analysis t (a sample) according to the parameters shape coefficient, compactness coefficient, drainage density and specific flow, all remotely measured with support from QGis. Two regionalization equations were generated, one for Paraná and the other one for Santa Catarina. 281 microbasins and 2772 springs were also delimited in the forest management unit, estimating a total annual available volume of approximately 118 million cubic meters of water production related to approximately 54 thousand hectares. Regarding representativeness, the inference test t (a sample) was performed for shape coefficient, compactness coefficient, drainage density and specific flow. In the Pinus sp's microbasin only specific flow rates were shown to be representative in the forest base, whereas in the native vegetation microbasin, only the compactness coefficient was shown to be unrepresentative. Despite the importance of demonstrating the representativeness of micro basins in the forest base, the scarcity of this type of study, made it difficult to outline a methodology and compare the results. The database resulting from this work will assist in the various activities of forestry operations, helping to improve operational efficiency and consequently reduce the environmental impacts generated by the operation.