Força da ligação de hidrogênio intramolecular O-H-O para alguns compostos acíclicos 1,3-dissubstituídos: o efeito do grupo alquila

Abstract

Intramolecular hydrogen bonding is one of the most important intramolecular interactions, which is a critical element in deciding the molecular arrangement. Conformational analysis is the most powerful tool to evaluate the hydrogen bonding importance for a conformational preference. The term conformational analysis covers two aspects: determining molecular geometry and conformer energies, followed by studies to determine which steric and electronic interactions are responsible for the conformational stability. To investigate this influence in acyclic compound, the conformational preferences of 3-R-propanol [R = OH (1), OCH3 (2), OCH2CH3(3), OCH(CH3)2 (4) e OC(CH3)3(5)], 3-R-butanol [R = OH(6), OCH3(7)] e 3-metil- 3-R-butanol [R = OH (8), OCH3 (9)] are evaluated by means of theoretical calculations along with experimental infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Compounds 1, 2, 6, and 7 were purchased and the rest of remaining compound were synthesized. In fact, the most stable conformation of these compounds exhibit IAHB. Thermal population of hydrogenbonded conformers are 65, 66, 73, 69, 97, 92, 79, 99, and 99% for compound 1-9, respectively. Experimental infrared data show the red-shift value increase of 76, 87, 96, 100 to 112 cm-1 for compound 1-5, respectively, suggesting that the addition of alkyl groups to the IAHB proton acceptor atom increases the strength of this interaction and, although the steric repulsion increases along with increasing substituent volume, the increase in the IAHB strength is higher than the increase in the steric repulsion. Infrared data also show that the IAHB strength is greater for compound 2 ( = 87 cm-1) than for compound 6 ( = 77 cm-1), indicating that the increase in the IAHB strength is greater when alkyl groups are bonded directly to the oxygen proton acceptor than to the α-carbon. Experimental 3JH1H2 increases with the increase in solvent basicity for all compounds, indicating a change in the conformacional preference along with the increase in solvent basicity. An equation based on vicinal coupling constant is proposed to analyze 1,3-disubstituted acyclic compounds, allowing measurement of the experimental molar fraction (XHB) of conformers hydrogen-bonded in any solvent. The XHB values changed of 59, 53, 56, 57, 78, 88, and 74% in the CCl4 solvent to 22, 13, 15, 12, 16, 44, and 13% in pyridined5 as solvent. These results indicate that conformers hydrogen-bonded are predominant in nonbasic solvents, while the population of conformers non-hydrogen-bonded increases as solvent basicity increases.