Comparativo de aplicação de composto orgânico, calcário e gesso como fonte de cálcio e magnésio no cultivo de videiras: estudo de caso

Abstract

To meet the demand for food from the world population, rural producers choose to use chemical fertilizer to increase productivity. As a consequence, if used in inadequate dosages and for long periods, contamination of soil and water, surface and underground, can occur, triggering damage to different forms of life. Thus, there is a need to develop new forms of production, more aligned with the principles of sustainability. With the existence of high amounts of organic waste resulting from the most diverse human activities, from the composting it can be transformed into organic compounds, solving the problem of the environmentally adequate disposal of waste, in addition to supplying the demand for inputs for the correction from soil. The use of organic compost, obtained from the composting of residues in vines is a way to supply the crop's nutritional demand, also reducing production costs. In this sense, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of soil chemical correctives with organic compost. Five treatments were tested: 100% organic compost, 100% limestone, 50% limestone + 50% plaster, control application and the application of the producer (limestone and cattle manure). Such applications were carried out in the cycle of one year and the parameters monitored at harvest time were: length, diameter and number of branches, leaf size, percentage of sprouting, crop yield, fruit sweetness and soil analysis. The treatment using organic compost showed better productivity, sweetness of the fruits and total yield of the crop, proving this to be a sustainable practice, since it transformed a waste into organic compost, which, in turn, resulted in gains for the producer, due to productivity, quality of the product. product and cost reduction with soil correction. The treatments based on limestone T3, T4, T5 obtained better results of Ca and Mg than the treatment T1 with organic compost, but this did not translate into productivity and this result may be associated with the fact that the vines need continuous treatment for reflected in the soil balance.