Extratos de brássicas no controle de Oídio em pepineiro

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of canola (Brassica napus L.) and mustard (Brassica juncea) extracts, in vitro, on the severity of powdery mildew (Oidium sp.) in cucumber cotyledon discs and on the germination of fungal conidia, and to compare these extracts with chemical controls (inorganic sulphur and methyl thiophanate + chlorothalonil), 10% cows milk and neem oil, in vitro and also in the control of powdery midew in greenhouse cucumbers. To achieve this, three experiments were carried out in vitro. In the first, three methods of preparation (aqueous, macerated and infusion) of the extracts of canola and mustard were evaluated for the dose of 12% on the severity of powdery mildew in cotyledon discs and the germination of fungal conidia. In this experiment, all modes of preparation of extracts of canola and mustard reduced the severity of the disease in the cotyledon discs and the germination of the fungal conidia by more than 35%. In the second experiment, doses from 3 to 12% of the brassica extracts, prepared by maceration, were tested on the same variables of the previous experiment. The 12% dose of the brassica extracts reduced the severity of the disease in cucumber cotyledon discs by more than 59% and the germination of fungal conidia by more than 52%. In the third experiment, the 12% dose of the macerated extracts of the two brassicas were tested, alongside 10% raw cow's milk, neem oil and fungicides, using the same variables as previously. In this trial, the treatments containing the brassica extracts reduced powdery mildew severity by more than 80% in the cucumber cotyledon discs, in relation to the control treatment. However, in the fungal conidia germination test, only the treatments containing the fungicides were efficient, reducing the germination of the fungal conidia by 65%. After this, experiments were carried out in a greenhouse to compare the efficiency of these treatments in the control of powdery mildew in cucumber, over a two year period of cultivation. The extracts of the brassicas reduced the severity and rate of disease progress over the two year period. The mustard extract, in relation to the dry and water control treatments, reduced the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for powdery mildew severity, it by a mean of 68.7 and 57%, and the canola extract reduced it by a mean of 67.1 and 59.4%, in years 1 and 2, respectively. When the extracts of canola and mustard were compared to the dry and water control treatments, it was found that the reduction of the final severity of the disease was superior to 70 and 65%, in years 1 and 2, respectively. The extracts of canola and mustard showed greater control of the disease, compared with that obtained in the treatment containing raw cow's milk at 10%, and was close to the control of the treatment with neem oil. The fungicides presented the best control of disease severity and disease progression rate, with a reduction of final disease severity and in the AUDPC of the mildew severity by more than 99%. It is concluded, therefore, that the extracts of canola and mustard have the potential to control powdery mildew under greenhouse conditions.