Mapeamento de áreas vulneráveis a impactos ambientais causados por postos de combustíveis na cidade de Londrina - PR

Abstract

Gas stations are considered potentially polluting enterprises due to the sale of toxic substances that can cause significant impacts on the environment and put the health and safety of the population on risk, in case of accidents. Therefore, the analysis of the location of the stations and the activities developed in their surroundings are important to identify possible negative impacts and minimize them. In this perspective, the present study aimed at mapping gas stations in the city of Londrina-PR and to verify if they presented conflicts according to municipal legislation, as well as identify the most vulnerable areas to impact the water resources. For this, geoprocessing techniques available in Geographic Information System (GIS) were used, in order to spatialize gas stations and nearby urban elements, as well as the survey of environmental conditions in the city of Londrina. The analyses consisted in verifying the minimum distance from gas stations with urban elements, permanent preservation areas (APP) and supply wells. In order to assess the vulnerability of the Serra Geral aquifer (SASG) in the Londrina region, a map of risk of aquifer contamination was elaborated using the GOD index. The results showed that, of the 107 stations installed in the city, only 18 were regular according to the conformity analyses applied. Of the 18 stations, 15 were installed before the publication of the municipal legislation that determines the minimum distance of 1500 meters, the oldest dated in 1970. In the meantime, the risk of contamination from older stations is higher due to the greater possibility of leakage due to corrosion. Therefore, it is necessary to adapt these stations according to the required standards to protect the balance of the environment. The vulnerability map shown that the risk of groundwater contamination in the Londrina city is practically negligible according to the applied method. Thus, it was observed irregularities related to minimum distances established by legislation and it is necessary to verify them in order to ensure the balance of the environment and the safety of the population.