Ferramentas para investigação de passivo ambiental em postos de combustívies

Abstract

When spilled underground, fossil fuels can cause major environmental impacts. The main toxic constituents of petroleum hydrocarbon fuels are the BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene), PAH's (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), and their volatilized portion are VOC’s (volatile organic compounds). These compounds are known for their mobility and persistence in the environment and can transfer contaminants to soil and groundwater. The UST’s (Underground Storage Tanks) and distribution lines are the main sources of leaking. The enterprises that have an UST are subject to environmental licensing according to the Federal Resolution CONAMA 273/2000, a document that requires an environmental liability evaluation, which uses a series of technical procedures and tools for data collection and treatment. The engineering tools used by the responsible engineer are spreadsheets for field data collection, legislation, software and the final report, which presents the results and the technical considerations. For practical and theoretical approach seeking to involve the largest number of tools used by the engineer, were carried out field visits in several projects and a conceptual model of a gas station was elaborated. Approaches were made to environmental legislation, concepts on the creation of a field worksheet, technical and computational design software, manual and computational treatment for VOC’s pens. The manual treatment proved to be more efficient because it represents the reality found in the field, since the statistical treatments by making an approximation of the data carry statistical errors that interfere in the presentation of the results.