Atividade alelopática de espécies de trevo sobre sementes de milho, milhã e picão preto

Abstract

The Cover crops besides improving soil characteristics may also have allelopathic wont so much about the weeds on the successor culture, so it is important to establish the interactions that occur between plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic potential of shamrocks in different concentrations of extracts obtained in different ways, on germination, early development of seeds and seedlings of corn, large crabgrass and pick. Was evaluated in a factorial 3 x 3 x 5, the extracts obtained by infusion, maceration and alcoholic species of white clover, red clover and vesiculosum clover at four concentrations (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 %) and control (distilled water), respectively. 100 seed scroll germitest corn and prick and 100 seeds per seedling for large crabgrass were sown, being the experimental unit in four replicates, which were moistened with different extracts or distilled water, according to the treatments. The germination test was carried out in a growth chamber (BOD) with a photoperiod of 12/12 h light / dark and temperature of 25 ± 1°C. Germination evaluations were performed daily, and at the end of the experiment 10 days, measured the germination speed index (GSI) and root length (RL) and shoot (LS) , root dry weight (RDW) and (SDW) , and for maize seedlings was also determined the levels of total soluble sugars (TSS) reducing sugars (RS), the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity (PAL). To support the results obtained, the infrared spectrum of the extracts was also performed. It was observed that all the extracts showed effect on maize seeds, and large crabgrass prick causing reduced germination, GSI, RL, LS, RDW, SDW, and there was also a change in TSS and RS in maize seedlings. The species of white, red and vesiculosum clovers in different forms of extraction have allelopathic effects on seeds and seedlings of corn, large crabgrass and prick, especially the alcoholic extract. Analyzing the spectra we could observe the presence of phenolic compounds in all extracts. The allelopathic effects seen varied, depending on the form of extraction and the merger.