Elaboração de mapas de dispersão de jabuticabeiras nativas em fragmentos florestais do sudoeste do Paraná

Abstract

Forest fragmentation reduces the size of the breeding population and the population density of plant species, which can compromise their development and survival. In southwestern Paraná region were observed 14 forest fragments with occurrence of jabuticabeira (Plinia cauliflora (DC.) Berg.), Totaling 201.9 hectares and contains 4,036 adult plants of the species. Have not been studied population genetics jabuticaba parameters, such as the reproductive system, genetic diversity, the flow of pollen and seeds and the relationship level between individuals in forest environment. These genetic parameters help define conservation strategies and use of germplasm in breeding. To set these parameters is necessary to genotype all individuals of a species within a forest fragment or all individuals of a parcel marked this fragment, using codominant DNA markers. But first is predominant perform georeferencing to define the location of each individual of the species in relation to the other within the landscape or forest fragment, aiming at developing species dispersion maps. This study determined the georeferencing of the forest fragment in Vitorino, Paraná, containing jabuticabeira trees on 4 acres, were georeferenced 558 trees of Plinia cauliflora, 217 adult trees, 188 trees planted and 153 saplings. Through the map there was a distribution of adult jabuticaba well distributed throughout the fragment, showing a grouped spatial distribution, indicating a degree of kinship with the analyzes of diameter distribution, it was found that 50% of the population of mature trees have DBH greater than 40 centimeters. For regenerating plants the spatial distribution was concentrated in only a fragment of the location at the highest point, however, it was found that the regenerating not reach a stage of advanced development, thus not reaching adulthood and can thus run a genetic erosion of the species. With measurements performed, planted trees had an average high and relatively low neck diameter, whereas with the ages of the trees planted 22, the factors that may have interfered in the development would be the quality of the soil, therefore it has a pH high and low nutrient, it is also considered that the dense spacing hurt the growth of these trees.