Projeto e implementação de um driver de controle para motores PMSM

Abstract

This work presents the development and implementation of a control system based on a three-phase DC-AC converter for driving PMSM motors, focusing on experimental electric mobility. The proposed system uses the SPWM modulation technique to generate three-phase signals with a 120-degree phase shift, allowing control of the motor’s amplitude and operating frequency in open loop. The DC-AC converter is responsible for transforming the DC voltage from the source into high-frequency three-phase sinusoidal alternating voltages, using electronically controlled switching MOSFETs, which ensures proper switching and compatibility with the adopted control strategy. The methodology included the theoretical dimensioning of the converter, the calculation of power components and switching requirements, as well as the development of SPWM algorithms on the ESP32 microcontroller, responsible for generating complementary signals with dead time and phase synchronization. The control system design also included driving the MOSFETs using the IR2136s driver, sizing the bootstrap capacitor, and organizing the half-bridges. To validate the control strategy before the three-phase implementation, a practical single-phase half-bridge stage was built to verify the driver activation, the bootstrap loading, and the integrity of the obtained waveforms. The final tests demonstrated the correct generation of the 120° phase-shifted three-phase voltages, the operation of the open-loop SPWM modulation, and the compatibility between the experimental results and the waveforms simulated in LTspice, thus validating the motor drive with reduced modulation.