Desenvolvimento de um fantoma ventricular esquerdo para simulação cardíaca de baixo custo

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide accord to by most healthcare organizations, with aortic stenosis being among one of the most recurrent causes. For this cases a surgical procedure for valve transplantation is necessary. Biological valves from bovine or porcine pericardium are widely used. Before being ready for implantation, they undergo several tests in a cardiac simulation environment, which reproduce parameters such as flow and pressure, to ensure the quality of the material.In this context, the objective of this work is to develop a cardiac phantom that can reproduce the systole and diastole movements of the left ventricle of the human heart, using segmentation techniques from computerized tomography exam, structuredthrough the additive manufacturing process and latex prototyping, and controlled through a microcontroller. A bibliometric review was carried out to identify the most used techniques. The phantom was inserted in a simulation environment, also designed and developed, in which it was activated by mechanical pneumatic systems,which simulated the ventricular muscle fibers. Flow and pressure sensors wereinstalled at the aortic valve outlet and the experimental results were compared with a simulation performed using the Windkessel effect in its three models. The study carried out managed to reproduce the biomechanical movements in the radial, longitudinal and lateral directions, in addition to the physiological variables present in the cardiac cycle. Further refinements are prepared, but the technique of this work has the potential to be used in human simulation environments at a low cost.