Metodologias ativas para o ensino de ecologia

Abstract

Understanding and reflecting on ecological processes and changes that can implicate the planet's balance, can facilitate the promotion of preservation actions or measures that decrease environmental impacts and imbalances, assisting to develop environmental awareness. The approach and association of these actions during the basic formation of students is essential to awaken the ecological subject within each student. However, this is almost always done from a traditional perspective in Ecology classes in basic education, with the use of common strategies, such as textbooks, current reports and fixation exercises, at most, for predefined projects by area teachers. Therefore, the present study proposes a didactic sequence based on diversified active methodologies, in aim to develop youth protagonism and ecological and environmental responsibility in 1st year high school students. The didactic sequence presented was developed from the teaching experience in private and public schools, and improved according to the survey carried out around methodological pluralism. The use of active methodologies in Ecology classes, such as problematization, survey of prior knowledge, use of Information and Communication Technologies, construction of diagrams and graphs, brainstorming, field trips, seminars and Research Based Learning and Projects, in addition to allowing students to take an active role in their learning, they can lead to the development of a critical reflection of human-environmental interrelationship, through self-analysis of values and positive or negative contributions to the environment, considering the particularities of each one, like the differences in habits and in their own lifestyle. The formation of ecological and environmental awareness must go beyond the classroom and arouse in the student the responsibility with the environment through the observation and probing of contemporary environmental problems, setting him as the protagonist of his own learning. Educational strategies that stimulate these aspects, that aim to reinforce actions in association with daily, can contribute to more significant learning about Ecology.