Aplicações da tecnologia CRISPR/Cas na agricultura

Abstract

The Clustered interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system is a bacterial adaptive phage immune system consisting of enzymes that form surveillance complexes to find viral DNA in the host, after which the viral fragments are cleaved and the bacterium is safe. Scientists employ this system for genome editing using a guide RNA to a specific location in the genome, this new technology promotes a new era for biology. One of the most benefited fields of editing through CRISPR is agriculture, specifically plant breeding. Using this powerful tool, it is feasible to produce more nutritious, disease-resistant, herbicide-resistant plants with minimal effort compared to other methods such as ZFN (Zinc finger nucleases) and TALEN (Transcription activator-like effector nuclease). The aim of this paper is to review major advances in agriculture using CRISPR / Cas9 systems and to verify the main trends in CRIPR / Cas9 and plant research. We collected articles relating the species together with the words CRISPR / Cas9 using articles of importance to the agricultural area. Data for bibliometric analysis were collected on the Web of Science platform (Thomson 'Reuters) and submitted to the R statistical program on the bibliometrix platform, using the biblioshiny extension, the citation networks were generated using the VosViewer program. Several applications were identified in agriculture, among the crops that were edited stand out rice, corn, wheat and soy. Publications with CRISPR / Cas9 and plants grew exponentially.