Comparação entre os níveis tecnológicos do Brasil e da China em relação ao PIB e o IDH

Abstract

The economic, social and political transformations that have occurred in the last years of the 20th century in Brazil and in China, which came from a series of government measures and global actions, attracted foreign investment. Through the increase of industrialization, feasible by the foreign direct investment (FDI), one can assume that the population is consuming more, which can happen by the fact that there is more money and opportunities in the market, and, with that, more available capital. This research aimed to compare the industrial segments, through their technological levels, that most contributed to the improvement of the gross domestic product (GDP) and to the human development indicator (HDI) in Brazil and China from 1990 to 2010, attesting similarity or not between these countries, as there are studies suggesting that developing countries, even with different levels of income, tend to have a common development process. The data basis UNIDO, belonging to the United Nations, was the basis adopted for this study. The number of establishments, number of employees and the average wages were the endogenous variables. Through multiple linear regressions it was possible to confirm that, in Brazil, the low and mid low technology levels were those that contributed most to the GDP growth. For the HDI, the high and mid low technology levels were the main responsible ones. For China, the mid low technology industries influenced the GDP, while no technology level significantly influenced the HDI.