Avaliação de wetland construído de fluxo subsuperficial vertical tratando esgotos sanitários

Abstract

In Brazil, the services of collection and treatment of sewage did not follow the urbanization and industrialization processes. The collecting network deficiency and treatment represent a key pressure point on the issues on water. This makes the services decentralized increasingly important because they offer investment option in stages and in remote areas which include small towns, villages and tourist sites. Given these facts are necessary developments and locally appropriate technical assessments. The vegetated filter with macrophytes or constructed wetlands are distinguished as sustainable technologies for presenting simple constructive and operational process, minimum energy consumption, eliminating addition of chemicals and allowing its use in small communities and rural or remote areas. This work had its focus in assessing the behavior of a synthetic wastewater treatment system in constructed wetland vertical subsurface flow using Zantedeschia aethiopica as macrophyte, in removing organic loads, nitrogen and phosphorus. The process was compared to a similar system, but not vegetated. The mean values obtained respectively for the system vegetated and non vegetated were: Turbidity with 93.2 and 96.8%; COD and 90.3 to 80.0%; TKN with 63.9 and 76.2%; ammoniacal nitrogen with 93.5 and 88.7% and Total Phosphorus with 96.9 and 97.0% attesting to the capacity of both systems in terms of wastewater treatment. The performance of the plants was observed in the removal of Nitrite and Nitrate. Compared to the non- vegetated system, it was found vegetated system in the virtual absence of typical sewage odors. Although not observed in the vegetated system with Z. aethiopica significant differences in various parameters checked, the results enable the system to wastewater treatment. Studies of technologies involving constructed wetlands vegetated are increasingly important of the favorable results obtained.