Sistema informatizado para dimensionamento de unidades de tratamento de esgoto

Abstract

The indiscriminate firing of untreated sewage is a major cause of pollution in water sources, environmental problems and public health. Many of the treatment plants today do not achieve the minimum requirements for effluent discharge. Developing countries cannot even provide the population the principles of universality and completeness of basic sanitation services. Thus, the collection and treatment of sewage generated in cities and rural areas are not satisfactory, damaging the biodiversity, forests and watershed preservation. In this context, there is an evident necessity to improve treatment techniques currently used in order to facilitate its implementation. However, the lack of computerized facilitators systems related to sewage treatment can be an aggravating factor for this critical scenario, and further complicates the process. This paper addresses the issue of sewage treatment and its dimension parameters through the development of a computer program. In order to assist the decisions for the development of projects of sewage treatment plants, and to make faster the processes of sizing used nowadays, it was developed this computerized system in Visual Basic that calculates the sizing treatment plants of domestic sewage, called ProgETE. There were chosen some of the most common processing steps in the current context of the country for the sewage treatment. From characteristic data of the system thatis going to be treated, which are given by the user, the program performs mathematical operations of sizing for certain stages of treatment. For the static treatment, there were sized Septic Tank followed by Sink, that represents a reality in Brazil when there is no sewage system available. For treatment stations, there were scaled to the preliminary stage, the Railing and the Sand Trap. In primary treatment, there was chosen the primary method of Decanting. In secondary treatment, there were sized UASB reactors and the Australian system. Finally, for tertiary treatment, there were designed Ponds of Maturation. ProgETE presents as output data the scaling parameters of each one of these steps. It results in a functional and practical program that assists decision points in planning project of sewage treatment, and it allows more stations to be designed trough computer parameters.