Projeto de um sistema automático de controle de luz artificial com base na iluminação natural para a redução do consumo de energia

Abstract

Nowadays, several studies in the lighting systems are related to energy efficiency, energy savings, and ergonomic health. The last one related to workers visual comfort. Advances in microelectronic field and the use of LED technology allowed the development of new projects related to intelligent lighting control systems. These systems provide a fully control of resources, avoiding unnecessary expenses. In the work presented in this paper, was projected an automatic system that controls the lightening of a thermal laboratory located at Pontifícia Universidade Católica in the Parana State/Brazil. The system provides the necessary level of lightening and visual comfort for the workers, controlling the light intensity of each luminaire in the room. The system also takes advantage of the daylight reducing the energy usage. To develop the project specific modules of microcontrollers were used, whose concept is based on pulse width modulation (PWM), and aims to control the average voltage applied to the LED lamps. The automatic voltage adjustment is based on light sensors installed in each luminaire. To prevent lamps being lit unnecessarily in the absence of people, movement sensors turn off the laboratory light after a preset time. For administrators and users have access to commands, settings and information of the system, the project provides for an human machine interface (HMI) that communicates with the installed modules in each luminaire, using a radio frequency and wireless communication. Knowing that eventually the laboratory is used as a classroom, a preset configuration was designed to have an intelligent lighting in the laboratory. Lamps that are closer to the projector screen are less lit and moving away from the screen, the luminance level increases gradually. As the main objective of the project is the reduction of energy consumption, were provided comparative studies of energy expenses and luminance levels of the laboratory before and after the implementation of the system, which showed a reduction of approximately 22.28% in energy consumption without reducing the ergonomic working conditions.