Panorama do transporte de cargas no Brasil e seu escoamento pelos portos brasileiros

Abstract

Transport systems are characterized by the displacement of people and loads from one place to another, being associated to the socioeconomic development of a region. Its unavailability or inefficiency can make the development of a nation infeasible, which can increase its transportation costs and affect its competitiveness in the global market. This essay presents an overview of the cargo transportation in Brazil and its outflow through the Brazilian ports, highlighting the obstacles and conditions of basic improvements to meet the new requirements of the international market. In addition to the characterization of transport modes and their distribution in Brazil, the role of intermodality in the cargo flow was analyzed and the logistic obstacles in the operations of the largest ports in cargo handling were lifted. Finally, an analysis of the context of cargo transportation in Brazil was carried out through a comparison with information from the major markets in the supply chain. This analysis points out an inequality in the distribution of the Brazilian transport matrix and its deficiencies in infrastructure and logistics towards other countries. It is necessary to recover existing meshes and encourage the use of the waterway mode. Furthermore, it is necessary to promote multimodality in Brazil's transportation system, in order to achieve better logistics planning. However, the bureaucratization of multimodal operations makes their implementation impossible. Investments in transport infrastructure are necessary, since the road modal tends to continue with its prominent role in the transportation of cargoes in the country. On the other hand, investments in Brazilian ports should also be prioritized due to their importance to foreign trade.