Incorporação de lodo têxtil em blocos cerâmicos

Abstract

The textile laundry industry is one of the industries that more pollute the environment, generating large amounts of waste, which are not always adequately treated before disposal in nature. In the process of wastewater treatment are called waste generated by sludge textile, which must be treated and disposed of properly. Untreated, these wastes can cause major environmental impacts, as they are highly toxic due to the presence of dyes, many of them with heavy metals in its composition. It is of interest in this industry segment, processing, recycling or final disposal of the waste generated. Due to the high amount of sludge resulting from the treatment of wastewater employees and the high cost for disposal in landfills, the practice of reuse of textile sludge may have great contribution to reducing the environmental impact caused by the disposal of this waste in the environment. However, this work aims at the use of the sludge generated in the wastewater treatment of textile industrial laundry by means of sludge in the process of Solidification / Stabilization (S / E) mass of clay for the manufacture of ceramic blocks used in building. First tests were performed to characterize the sludge through the determination of moisture content and total organic matter, density, pH, concentration of metals and toxic characteristics. For the clay used as a solid matrix for the incorporation of textile waste was characterized moisture content and total organic matter, pH, particle size analysis, plastic limit, liquid limit, plasticity índex and density. Samples were produced of ceramic blocks, in reduced scale with a fifth real size, using formulations with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% silt, clay ceramic mass to define the maximum appropriate integration. In addition, control blocks were produced, manufactured only with ceramic clay, with the purpose of studying the behavior as the primary physical, chemical and mechanical, using the best mix ratio between silt and clay. The results of physical and mechanical tests performed to all proportions sludge in ceramic blocks were within existing Standards. The ceramic block with 10% silt clay was incorporated in the matrix which achieved better results without compromising the technical quality. The process of stabilization / solidification was efficient, reducing hazardous sludge, initially characterized as a class II - when incorporated in the block after firing properly characterized as class II-B. Evidencing technical gains related to the merger, allowing thereby the use of this residue without considered before use as raw material for further production process.