Uma alternativa para o ensino da Lei de Coulomb e da Lei de Gauss na educação básica

Abstract

This work aims to present, develop and discuss a proposal for teaching the content Coulomb's Law and Gauss's Law in the discipline of Physics, applied in Basic Education. For that, different teaching strategies were used, aiming to favor and facilitate the teaching-learning process with interactive and motivating classes, relating the content to applications in the student's daily life. This is a professional Master's research, conducted in the Graduate Program in Physics Teaching at the Federal Technological University of Paraná - Campo Mourão (UTFPR-CM), in partnership with the Brazilian Physics Society (SBF). In view of the characteristics of this research, Historical-Critical Pedagogy (SAVIANI, 1992) was used as a theoretical-methodological framework, which aims, among other aspects, to contribute to the appropriation of the knowledge historically produced by all, indistinctly, paying special attention to working class, mostly served by the public network. The research was initiated by conducting a bibliographic survey of the main works on the subject, in order to identify a current panorama on the scientific contributions on the content. Considering the data obtained from this review, in a second step, in order to assist and deepen the discussions, a research-intervention of qualitative approach was developed with three classes of the 3rd year of High School in State Schools belonging to the Regional Education Center of Toledo - Paraná, in the morning, afternoon and evening periods, covering a total of 61 students. For that, a paradidical material was elaborated using low cost resources that are detailed in the educational product. This product is structured in the form of a Unit Plan, which presents the content using resources, such as a simulator, theoretical-practical activities, problem solving, bringing scientific concepts applied to the physical phenomena manifested in the student's daily experience. In view of the applied activities, it can be said that the results achieved were satisfactory, in which there was involvement of students and assimilation of concepts in teaching and learning, related to their everyday applications. It was also intended to offer teachers and students a differentiated, simple, coherent and investigative alternative in approaching the contents of Coulomb's Law and Gauss's Law in High School.