Alfabetização e letramento por gêneros textuais no ensino fundamental

Abstract

The initial reading instruction experiences practiced in the last century, with an emphasis on coding and decoding, have generated learning problems in students, indicating inefficiency of the process. It happens because being taught on the initial reading instruction is not limited to just understanding what is being read, since the initial reading instruction is something much broader, it is a process of understanding / expressing meanings through the written code (SOARES, 2012). Before the concern on the problems on the initial reading instruction and literacy of students in the early years of elementary school, this paper focuses on the use of genres on the process of initial reading instruction and literacy of students in a class at this school level. It is believed that this pedagogical proposal may contribute so that students have access to different forms of social practices of language, thus favoring initial reading instruction and literacy. The question that triggered this research was projected from this scenario: What are the impacts of the application of teaching material using genres to support the processes of initial reading instruction and literacy of a class of students of the 2nd grade of Elementary School? And the objectives to be achieved were chosen: describing the process of applying a teaching sequence referring to the gender rules of coexistence in the classroom with a class of the 2nd grade of Elementary Education of a municipal school from Cambé, Paraná; presenting information on the application of this educational product and reflect on the results obtained. Based on theoretical and methodological assumptions of the Theory of Textual Genres, a teaching sequence was developed and applied (DOLZ; NOVERRAZ; SCHNEUWLY, 2004), for the comprehension and production of the genre rules of coexistence in the classroom, in a 2nd grade of elementary school, from a public school in the city of Cambé, Paraná, in 2019. As for the methodology, the research is identified as field, bibliographic, descriptive and analytical. The analysis of the results revealed the achievement of the predicted objectives. Students demonstrated progress in autonomy to read and to produce the genre under study herein, with a consequent presentation of maturity in the processes of initial reading instruction and literacy. Therefore, the dynamics of working with textual genres constitute a productive teaching tool for school actions for teaching and learning the mother tongue, including reading and writing texts.