Nova economia institucional como instrumento para mensuração do grau de risco associado à modalidade pregão eletrônico: um estudo na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Câmpus Curitiba

Abstract

Public procurement is part of the administrative routine of Federal Executive bodies. One of the forms of hiring that has gained significant importance over the last few years was trading floor and most of the bidding processes started to be carried out using its electronic form. This whole process involves costs and risks, so it is essential to assess the risks related to this type of event in order to safeguard the public purse. The Federal University of Technology – Parana Governance, Risk and Control Committee was established in 2018 and the approval of the draft Risk Management Policy is in progress. It is of singular importance that this policy should include an instrument for measuring the risks associated with the Electronic Auction mode, as this mode has an extremely relevant role in Public Administration. The objective of this study was to measure the degree of risk associated with the bidding processes performed through the Electronic Auction at Campus Curitiba of the Federal University of Technology - Parana. The methodology used was descriptive research with a quantitative approach. As a data collection instrument, a questionnaire based on the studies by Faria (2009) and Santos (2010) was used, whose constructs were elaborated according to the principles of Transaction Cost Economics and had their reliability validated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Then the factor analysis was applied to define the order of relevance of the factors that the participants of the bidding processes consider most important in the event. The Cluster analysis made it possible to divide the suppliers into two distinct groups: low and high risk: The research results made it possible to characterize the studied sample and we verified that the suppliers of Federal University of Technology – Parana, Campus Curitiba, have the following characteristics: they have on average 14 years of existence, 54 employees, who are classified as micro and small companies, opt for Simples Nacional, are located in the southern region of the country, have already succeeded in at least 25% of the competitions that participated, have a portion of the revenue from sales to public agencies. over 70% and participate in bids throughout the national territory. The low-risk group had the highest percentage, consisting of 61% of the companies and obtained the lowest rates of opportunism, asset specificity and uncertainty and higher score in relation to frequency. The high-risk group was formed by the other 39% of Federal University of Technology – Parana’s Campus Curitiba suppliers. It presented the highest averages in the items: asset specificity, opportunism and uncertainty and lowest index in relation to frequency. The observed result was distinct from previous studies. The order of relevance of the factors found in the survey gives us valuable information that should be carefully analyzed by those on the Federal University of Technology – Parana Governance, Risks and Controls Committee in order to create more rigorous procedures when drafting notices, drafting contracts, as well as to enforce more severely the punishments that should be applied when breaching contracts.