Modelo para avaliação das forças de externalidades em Redes Interorganizacionais Aglomeradas (RIA)

Abstract

This thesis had as main objective the development of a model to evaluate the forces of externalities in Agglomerated Interorganizational Networks (AIN). For this, a Systematic Review of Literature (SRL) was carried out with the aid of the methodology Methodi Ordinatio. From the SRL, it was possible to construct a bibliographic portfolio composed of 176 articles, which were the basis for the key concepts for the development of the model. The bibliographic review allowed us to verify that the studies treat the externalities in AIN as forces that act in two ways: those that make companies agglomerate and obtain competitive advantages and those of repulsion that tend to discourage or limit the concentration and permanence of companies. These two forces called "externality forces" were characterized as (i) Centripetal forces, representing positive externalities and (ii) Centrifugal forces, representing negative externalities. It was considered in this study the unfolding of these forces in 6 dimensions and 29 variables, thus forming the theoretical basis of the model. As for the operational structure of the model, 3 execution phases were established. In Phase 1 we used the multicriteria decision support method Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for the assignment and weighting of the intensity levels of the variables. Based on the values extracted from the application of the AHP method, Phase 2 was followed which allowed the development of a tool for the diagnosis of externalities forces in AIN and thus making it feasible to construct a representative diagram. Centrifugal Forces (Ff), from which it is possible to evaluate the general positioning of the RIA and in particular of each participating company. In Phase 3, the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) was used to analyze the interdependence between the variables in each dimension of the Fp and Ff, dividing them into cause and effect groups. At this stage a AIN prognosis is performed, pointing out possible strategic actions for its maintenance and evolutionary development. As a test and validation of the model, the empirical application was performed in an AIN, denominated Local Productive Arrangement of Domestic Utensils and Aluminum Products of the Southwest of Paraná. As the main implications, we obtained a consistent model with the differential of evaluating both the centripetal forces, represented by positive externalities, and the centrifugal forces, represented by negative externalities. Furthermore, the model forms a flexible structure and adapts the particularities of AIN of different segments. The model emerges as a support tool in the sense that centrifugal forces become a competitive differential for the AIN, attracting investment and development, as well as performing emerging actions that can correct the causes and effects generated by centrifugal forces.