Caracterização morfoagronômica e molecular de genótipos de feijão

Abstract

Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a world food consumed and very traditional of Brazilians, contributing as a source of protein and nutrients. The local races have genetic variability and knowledge of these characteristics facilitates in the process of choosing materials to be used as a source of resistance or tolerance to abiotic diseases and pests, making possible their characterization and advances in the genetic improvement of the culture. This work aimed the characterization morphologic, agronomically and to analyze the genetic variability of a set of 40 access (land races and cultivars) of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and to organize them in groups of genetic dissimilarity, in order to identify descriptors of greater contribution for the genetic divergence. A total of 40 genotypes - 31 Creole genotypes and 9 commercial cultivars were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Campus Dois Vizinhos. The genotypes were characterized for morphology through the Minimum Descriptors for the specie. For the agronomic was based on the yield components and some morphological descriptors. And for the molecular part, the genetic diversity of the accessions through microsatellite molecular markers (SSR). The data were used to obtain the genetic distances and the cluster analysis was performed by the Unweighted Pair Group Mean Average method of the unweighted average pairs groups (UPGMA). Through the use of Bayesian analysis, the 40 accessions evaluated were represented. Based on the three characterizations was possible to infer that there is a high genetic variability in the studied beans group, be it the morphological part, grain color, flowers, shapes, sizes, diseases and cycle, or as to productivity and its components according to environmental conditions. In this way, the diversity was confirmed through the genetic dissimilarity presented by the genotypes. The access Serrana Vagem Branca and BRS Expedito the most divergent genotypes, controlled crosses between both could result in greater genetic gains, with the possibility of greater diversity. The local accesses (Serrana Vagem Branca, Chumbinho Preto, Pardinho, Chumbinho Preto Lustroso and Iapar 40) presented yields above 1,600 kg ha-1, so they can be indicated to cross in breeding programs that aim at high yields. Based on the greater genetic dissimilarity Chumbinho and Chumbinho Preto Lustroso, Serrana Vagem Branca, and Iapar 40 shows good resistance to the diseases analyzed in the present study, being able to result in greater genetic gains, the possibility of greater diversity among future generations.