Leguminosas em consórcio com gramíneas hibernais na produção vegetal e uso do nitrogênio em um sistema de integração lavoura pecuária

Abstract

The crop-livestock integration has been a viable alternative to increase the productivity and the recovery of degraded areas, with the purpose of scheduling the management of the animals and the agricultural production in a synchronized way, making better use of the production areas and maintaining the vitality of the soil . The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen left by winter pastures, intercropped with legumes, and its effect on successor crops. The experiment was carried out at the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos between 2017 and 2018, the experimental area used was 6.8 hectares, in which maize and soybean were sown, after cultivation of winter pastures composed of grasses and legumes, in a crop husbandry integration system. The experiment was divided in winter and summer, the experimental design was randomized blocks in a 2x2 winter factorial scheme and 2x2x5 summer with N doses, with 3 replicates. It is an experiment in a plot subdivided in the winter, and subsubdividida in the summer when with corn and subdivided when with soy. The winter treatments AV + AZ, AV + AZ + Leguminosae (white clover and vetch), separated areas with absence and presence of grazing. Later, after the winter pastures, corn and soybean were planted. For the corn planting, cover fertilization was used, which was divided into plots, which were applied in doses equivalent to (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg ha-1 of N) in the areas with and without grazing. When the maize reached the silage point, samples of the plots were collected for the respective analyzes of DM, PB, N and total production, and for soybean, whole plant samples from the grazing and non-grazing areas were collected and then sent to agronomic evaluations of the production components and nutrient concentration. The use of leguminous plants is an alternative to reduce the use of nitrogen fertilization, and the presence of the grazing animal does not affect the production of corn and soybean within the ILP system.