Proposição de um modelo para mensuração do nível de capital social em redes horizontais de empresas

Abstract

This study aims to propose a model for measuring the level of social capital among companies operating in horizontal networks. Initially, a systematic literature review based on Methodi Ordinatio was conducted to identify the main dimensions and variables comprising the social capital of companies. Following all the steps of Methodi, a final bibliographical portfolio composed of 67 articles was obtained. The proposed model attempt to analyze companies individually and at a network level and was structured through the identification of 22 variables incorporated into three dimensions of social capital: structural, relational, and cognitive. A questionnaire consisting of 72 questions was developed to identify the level of social capital among companies using the Likert scale of five points. The questionnaire was validated through experts and by the Cronbach Alpha Test. All data was treated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) that was weighted and classified according to degree of importance assigned by the network’s manager (president). Social network analysis (SNA) was also carried out to analyze relationships among network entrepreneurs. Metrics used during the ARS were the centrality (software Visione version 2.16), and density (software VOSviewer version 1.6.4). The model validation was carried out in a furniture core in the city of Passos (MG). From a total of 43 companies, 27 participated of the survey, corresponding to approximately 63% of the population. From an individual level of social capital, 14 companies were considered as unsatisfactory (level 2), 10 companies were considered at a good level (level 3), and 3 companies were considered as excellent (level 4). Regarding network level, the dimension that stood out was relational (index 3.68), followed by structural (index 3.26), and cognitive (index 2.97). The final social capital level for the network was 3.30 (level 3 - good). Model application was simple and intelligible, meeting all established requirements. Results shows that measuring the social capital level in companies allows to identify its abilities and weaknesses. Companies with low structural level demand an increase in their networking. Regarding relational level, lower level companies must enhance their interactions to achieve more confidence and cooperation. Finally, it is essential for companies with reduced cognitive levels to engage resources, technologies, and information from other networking partners.