Desenvolvimento de um analisador de cargas com hardware-in-the-loop aplicando teorias de potência

Abstract

The efficient and optimized use of electrical energy has been a relevant concern for decades, leading to the of improved and efficient utilization of electric power. In this regard, various approaches have been developed with the purpose of quantifying energy losses, failures, faults, and enhancing energy efficiency. One of these perspectives is known as electrical power quality (EPQ), which aims to monitor electrical quantities and quantify indicators that highlight any anomalies or issues with the provided energy. The applicable power theories in electrical meters are extremely important as they are responsible for ensuring a certain quality in the distribution of power to the user, namely, guaranteeing a low level of harmonic distortion, prevent voltage and current imbalances, and reducing frequency variations in the electrical system. This work conducts studies on two of the main power theories: the reactive instantaneous power theory (PQ) and conservative power theory (CPT). To accomplish this, a load analyzer with hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) technology was be employed, based on experimental applications with TyphoonRHIL. The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the current components that compose these theories, making it possible to observe their behavior under different network/load configurations and analyze power indicators such as A (apparent power), P (active power), Q (reactive power), Na (active unbalance power), N, (reactive unbalance power), N (collective unbalance power), and D (residual power) for the CPT theory, and compare them with S80 (apparent power), Pas (active power), Po (zero-sequence power), Qa80 (reactive power), and H (harmonic power) for the PQ theory. These power quantities are evaluated in four-wire circuits considering sources with or without harmonics, balanced or unbalanced, to sup- ply different loads (resistive, inductive, and nonlinear) that can be either balanced or unbalanced.