Potencial de aproveitamento da levedura residual do processo cervejeiro para a obtenção de bioprodutos: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive literature review on the potential utilization of residual yeast from the brewing industry (Spent Brewer’s Yeast – SBY) as a raw material for the development of high value-added bioproducts. The increasing interest in the valorization of agro-industrial residues, aligned with environmental and economic sustainability goals and the principles of circular bioeconomy, underpins the relevance of this topic. The main objective was to explore the chemical and functional characteristics of SBY, its biotechnological applications, extraction methods, environmental and economic benefits, as well as existing challenges and future perspectives. The methodology consisted of a systematic review of recent scientific literature, covering studies on biomass composition, protein and β-glucan content, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds. Applications in animal and human nutrition, biotechnology, and renewable energy production through anaerobic digestion were also examined. The reviewed studies indicate that SBY contains a high protein content (40–74%), significant levels of minerals and bioactive compounds, especially phenolic compounds with antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. Innovative extraction methods, such as electroactivation and combined autolysis, have shown efficiency in producing functional extracts. SBY-derived products have demonstrated potential in various applications, including nutritional supplements, animal health enhancers, pharmacological compound encapsulation systems, and biogas generation. Economic analyses reveal a growing global market for these products, reinforcing their commercial appeal. However, challenges such as compositional variability, high nucleic acid content, and logistical limitations in handling fresh biomass remain to be addressed. Overall, residual brewer’s yeast stands out as a sustainable and versatile resource for the development of functional and energy-related bioproducts, with promising applications across multiple industrial value chains—provided that technical barriers are overcome and integrated circular economy policies are adopted.