Sistema de irrigação automatizado para jardins residenciais via bluetooth

Abstract

This work presents the development of an automated irrigation system for residential gardens, focused on optimizing water usage and providing practical plant care. The proposed system is controlled by a central electronic unit (microcontroller) that communicates directly with a mobile application via Bluetooth. Through the application, users can easily register their plants, setting specific irrigation parameters for each species, such as water quantity and watering intervals. The system monitors the soil in real-time using humidity sensors and automatically triggers irrigation only when the soil is dry, thus preventing water waste. To ensure that the watering schedule functions even if the mobile phone is off or distant, a Real-Time Clock (RTC) module was integrated, providing autonomy to the system. Water valves are safely activated by relay modules, which isolate the control circuit and protect electronic components. The developed prototype validated the proposal: the dripper flow rate was measured at 9.0 mL/s, allowing the volume registered by the user to be converted into valve opening time; the moisture sensors were calibrated within the 0 to 4095 range of the ESP32’s 12-bit analog-to-digital converter; and the system operated continuously for 24 hours with no leaks in the hydraulic connections. The prototype was subjected to seven functional test scenarios, all approved, including automatic activation by soil moisture, immediate verification after plant registration, and recovery from real-time clock failure. It was identified that, to ensure system stability, the valves are activated sequentially, one at a time, preventing current peaks that would compromise the circuit’s power supply