Leis de potência e eleições

Abstract

By using concepts and tools from statistics, this paper presents some exemples of social systems, in which their dynamics are modeled by power laws or scaling laws. Initially, it was given a brief overwiew about the scaling laws emerging from urban phenomena in general: universal characteristics in growth dynamics, religion activities, urban scales, power law distribution, and allometric urban indicators. Specifically, electoral phenomena modeled by scaling relations, which was the focus of this work. In this direction, it was presented results in which such relations emerge from electoral phenomena. Next, the investigations of this dissertation are presented. This research aimed to investigate Brazilian election results for federal state governments in a scenario with only two political parties, disputing thus taking data from the second round of elections in the period 1994-2918. This dataset allowed to verify that in the majority of the elections the number of votes for the first placed candidate tends to grow with the city size in a smaller proportion than those of the second placed candidate.