Influência da limpeza nas placas solares sobre a geração de energia: um estudo aplicado em sistema fotovoltaico residencial em Foz do Iguaçu

Abstract

This study aims to analyze how the accumulation of dirt on photovoltaic modules can impact the energy generation of a residential system located in the city of Foz do Iguaçu. The research was conducted by comparing real energy production data recorded before and after the cleaning of the modules, allowing a clear assessment of the effect of soiling on the system’s performance. In addition, the levels of solar irradiation throughout the analyzed periods were also considered, ensuring that climatic variations did not interfere with the interpretation of the results and enabling a more accurate correlation between energy generation, environmental conditions, and the cleanliness of the panels. Based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the collected data, it was possible to identify efficiency losses directly associated with dirt accumulation, especially during drier months when dust and particulate matter deposition tends to be higher. These losses proved to be significant over time and showed that the lack of adequate maintenance can compromise the overall performance of the photovoltaic system, directly affecting the economic return of the investment. The results also allowed for an evaluation of the cost-benefit of periodic module cleaning, demonstrating that small preventive interventions can lead to relevant gains in energy production, increasing efficiency and reducing degradation risks. Based on the information obtained throughout the study, a preventive maintenance routine adapted to the local climatic conditions of Foz do Iguaçu is proposed, considering factors such as rainfall patterns, dust levels, and solar irradiation. This routine seeks to ensure the best long-term performance of the photovoltaic system, preserving its lifespan, avoiding the formation of hot spots, and ensuring that energy production remains consistent with the system’s design specifications.