A simulação digital na análise experimental do comportamento: desenvolvimento do software UT-RAT

Abstract

Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB) is a core discipline in Psychology education, traditionally grounded in practical activities conducted in laboratory settings using non-human animals, especially operant conditioning chambers. However, in recent decades, there has been a significant decline in the use of such laboratories due to ethical, legal, and financial factors. In this context, the enactment of Arouca Law stands out, as it regulates the scientific use of animals in Brazil and imposes strict requirements for their use, directly impacting the feasibility of maintaining teaching laboratories. As a consequence, challenges have emerged regarding the implementation of practical activities, which are essential for understanding behavioral principles, highlighting the need for alternative teaching strategies. In this scenario, the present study aimed to investigate the development and validation process of a three-dimensional virtual simulator of an operant conditioning chamber designed for EAB teaching, as well as to analyze its potential as a didactic resource. The simulator was implemented using the Godot Engine platform, based on open-source resources, and structured upon reinforcement learning principles through the application of the Q-learning algorithm, enabling the simulation of behavioral contingencies in an interactive virtual environment. The validation of the simulator was conducted using the Delphi method, with the participation of experts from the fields of Psychology and Software Engineering. The results indicated a favorable consensus above 70% regarding the adequacy of the product, particularly in terms of pedagogical relevance, usability, and applicability in educational contexts. Additionally, a pilot study with end users revealed positive evaluations concerning user experience and the simulator’s contribution to understanding operant reinforcement concepts. The findings suggest that the analyzed simulator constitutes a viable and innovative alternative to traditional laboratory practices, contributing to the continuity of experimental activities in EAB teaching. Its use enables the integration of theory and practice, promoting active learning in contexts with structural limitations for conducting experiments with animals. For future studies, it is recommended to further develop the software, apply it in real classroom settings, and conduct investigations aimed at assessing its pedagogical effectiveness, as well as to formally register the system as a technological product.