Desenvolvimento de um sistema microcontrolado para cultivo indoor: controle ambiental e interface para usuário

Abstract

Traditional agriculture faces several challenges, including dependence on unpredictable weather conditions, pests, diseases, and the need for large areas of fertile land, which are becoming increasingly scarce. Indoor and controlled cultivation offers a promising alternative by mitigating these issues and creating an ideal and stable environment for plant development, regardless of external conditions. This work presents the development of a microcontrolled system for indoor cultivation capable of optimizing the control of environmental variables such as temperature, lighting, relative humidity, and soil moisture, factors essential for healthy plant growth. The system uses sensors to monitor critical environmental variables and actuators to adjust them automatically when necessary. For data acquisition, it employs the BME280 sensor, responsible for measuring ambient temperature and humidity, and the HD-38 sensor, used to determine soil moisture. The control of external devices is performed through a relay module, while user interaction is provided via an SSD1306 OLED display and a KY-040 rotary encoder, allowing easy configuration and monitoring of cultivation conditions. This work aims to contribute to a more accessible and efficient solution compared to existing commercial options, democratizing access to indoor cultivation technology. The implementation of a low-cost microcontrolled system may enable large-scale adoption, promoting more sustainable and resilient agricultural practices.