Desenvolvimento de um sistema de monitoramento remoto de dados de máquinas agrícolas baseado no protocolo J1939 via comunicação LoRa

Abstract

The increasing adoption of embedded systems in agricultural machinery has expanded the generation of operational data relevant to monitoring and optimizing field activities. In agricultural machinery, the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J1939 protocol stands out, being widely used for communication between electronic control units of tractors and implements via Controller Area Network (CAN). However, remote access to this information still represents a challenge, especially in rural environments with limited communication infrastructure. To overcome this limitation and offer a viable alternative to conventional networks, this work presents the development of a functional prototype of a J1939-LoRa telemetry system. The practical differential of the solution lies in the extraction and encapsulation of operational parameters from the vehicular bus for long-distance transmission, making it a technology directly applicable in the field for remote data monitoring. The proposed architecture consists of an embedded device endpoint, responsible for simulating and generating messages in the J1939 format, an IoT gateway for receiving data via Long Range (LoRa) link and forwarding it to the cloud, and a mobile application for near real-time visualization and historical analysis. The validation of the prototype in a controlled environment proved the complete flow of information, from generation to the end-user interface. The results obtained demonstrate the technical and operational viability of the developed telemetry system, confirming its practical applicability for the extraction and remote tracking of operational data in the agricultural sector.