Hidrogênio verde como alternativa sustentável para a produção de aço: cenário, desafios e oportunidades

Abstract

Given the rise in global greenhouse gas emissions, the steel industry accounts for approximately 7 to 9% of CO₂ emissions. Due to environmental concerns, new global decarbonization methods have been discussed and designed to meet targets proposed by international agreements, aiming to address this issue. The production of green hydrogen has emerged as a sustainable alternative to achieving the proposed environmental goals, as it does not emit CO₂ and is derived from renewable sources. This study proposed an analysis of green hydrogen production for steel manufacturing, both in the national and international context, discussing the advancements and challenges encountered through a literature review and research based on books, articles, theses, and institutional documents. The conventional steel production process was also addressed, highlighting its environmental impact, as well as the concepts and importance of implementing green hydrogen in the current context, focusing on international agreements such as the Paris Agreement. For the discussion, ongoing projects, initiatives, investments, and growing companies in the field were also considered. Based on the gathered information, it was possible to conclude that green steel is not yet a widely available technology, but it represents an inevitable path for the global steel industry. Its consolidation depends on technological, economic, and institutional advancements capable of making green hydrogen an accessible input, supporting clean production.