Proposta de um framework para análise de viabilidade econômico-financeira de sistemas fotovoltaicos em propriedades rurais

Abstract

This work aims to propose a framework for economic and financial feasibility analysis of photovoltaic systems on rural properties. The study was developed from descriptive research, with a mixed-methods approach, involving qualitative and quantitative methods, structured in three stages: elaboration of the theoretical framework, practical application in a case study, and refinement of the model. The proposed framework was based on a broad literature review, encompassing traditional economic analysis indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), discounted payback period, and Minimum Attractive Rate of Return (MARR), combined with the Extended Multi-Index Methodology (MMIA), which allows for a precise assessment of the relationship between risk and return on investment. The practical application was carried out on a rural property located in the Southwest region of Paraná, where real energy consumption data was collected, installation, operation and maintenance costs of the photovoltaic system were collected, in addition to the estimated energy generation and savings obtained. The results demonstrated that the investment in solar energy presents a positive financial return, with an IRR higher than the MARR and a positive NPV, indicating its economic viability. The investment payback period – discounted payback – was considered satisfactory, showing that, after the amortization period, the producer begins to obtain significant gains resulting from the reduction in electricity costs. The analysis also highlighted indirect benefits, such as increased property value, predictability of energy costs, and environmental contribution through the generation of clean and renewable energy. Refining the framework allowed for improvements in the analysis steps and evaluation criteria, making it more adaptable to the specific characteristics of rural properties. It is concluded that the developed framework is an effective and applicable tool for rural areas, providing technical and financial support for the decision-making process regarding investments in photovoltaic systems. Furthermore, the study reinforces the strategic role of solar energy as a sustainable and economically advantageous alternative for the agricultural sector, contributing to cost reduction, energy autonomy, and the sustainable development of the countryside.