Análise dos riscos de sobrecarga biomecânica na coluna lombar pelos profissionais de enfermagem: protocolo adaptado do método MAPHO na movimentação os pacientes em um hospital público

Abstract

Biomechanical overload on the lumbar spine represents a significant risk to the occupational health of nursing professionals, compromising their quality of life and safety in the work environment. This study, "Analysis of the Risks of Biomechanical Overload on the Lumbar Spine among Nursing Professionals: Protocol Adapted from the MAPHO Method for Patient Handling at the Regional Hospital of Araguaína/To", investigated the main biomechanical risk factors, the preventive practices adopted, and the impact on the health of the nursing team, which is predominantly composed of technicians with extensive experience. The research, of a descriptive and quantitative nature, interviewed 100 professionals, including 68 nursing technicians, 24 nurses, and 8 nursing assistants. The results revealed an alarming and concerning reality. A unanimous 100% of professionals stated that the work environment presents biomechanical risks, with patient handling being the primary cause for concern. This perception is corroborated by a high rate of illness: 66% of the team has already suffered work-related musculoskeletal injuries, with back pain affecting 50% of the total sample. The severity of the problem is reinforced by the fact that 78% of professionals have witnessed colleagues with movement limitations. The analysis pointed to a systemic failure in occupational health management at the HRA. The research demonstrated that the institution does not offer any kind of ergonomics training, resulting in a complete lack of knowledge of the MAPHO method by 100% of the professionals. Furthermore, 100% of the team states that the hospital does not provide the necessary assistance equipment for safe patient handling, such as lifts and hoists. To reverse this situation, it is essential to implement an ergonomics and MAPHO method training program, the urgent acquisition of modern patient handling equipment, and a reassessment of staff allocation. Protecting the health of nursing professionals is essential to ensure patient safety and improve the quality of care provided. Valuing and protecting worker health is not just a matter of compliance, but a fundamental strategy to break the cycle of illness, ensure patient safety, and enhance the quality of care provided by the institution.