Avaliação de enxofre jadam e do subproduto da indústria vinícola no manejo de nematoide das galhas

Abstract

The genus Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1887 is one of the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes affecting agricultural crops, making its control a major challenge. The use of alternative compounds, such as agro-industrial residues and Jadam sulfur, may represent a sustainable strategy for managing these phytoparasites. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nematicidal effect of Jadam sulfur, grape residue, and the aqueous extract based on grape residue on the control of root-knot nematodes. For this purpose, the following treatments were tested: T1: Grape residue; T2: Aqueous extract of grape residue; T3: Jadam sulfur at 2%; T4: Jadam sulfur at 1%; and T5: Control. Two experiments were conducted. The first experiment was carried out in vitro, under microcosm conditions, to evaluate the effect of the treatments on the viability of second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne sp. The second experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, evaluating the effect of the treatments on the control of Meloidogyne javanica and on the vegetative development of lettuce plants. In Experiment I, all treatments significantly reduced nematode juvenile viability, with Jadam sulfur at 2% showing the strongest effect. In Experiment II, the grape residue showed the greatest reduction in the number of galls and eggs, while Jadam sulfur at 2% promoted greater fresh root mass development in lettuce plants.It can be concluded that Jadam sulfur, grape residue, aqueous extract of grape residue, and Jadam sulfur at 1% show potential as sustainable alternatives for managing root-knot nematodes.