Desenvolvimento de processos para a produção de biocompósitos com micélio de macrofungos utilizando resíduos agroindustriais como substrato

Abstract

In Given the urgency of addressing current environmental challenges, this research presents an innovative approach to the production of biodegradable materials from renewable sources. The objective is to evaluate the potential of agro-industrial residues, such as sugarcane bagasse and corn husk, for the fabrication of fungal mycelium composites, with various potential applications. Thus, the focus is on the use of plant biomass as raw material for the production of composites, and mycelium from different macrofungi as the main agent in processing these substrates, resulting in materials with various potential applications, including the replacement of conventional polystyrene, particleboard, and synthetic foams. In this scenario, the research focused on analyzing different macrofungal species, recognized for their nutritional and medicinal importance, as myceliation agents for the composites. The comparative evaluation of these fungi not only aims to enhance the physical and mechanical characteristics of the composites but also to add economic value to agro-industrial residues abundantly produced in the national territory. The methodology included obtaining and maintaining mycelial cultures, inoculum preparation, substrate preparation, inoculation and pre-incubation for myceliation, grinding, molding in Petri dishes, incubation for consolidation and drying, as well as evaluations through water absorption and bulk density analyses. The results indicated variation in the density of the composites according to the fungal species and substrate used, with values ranging from 102.92 kg/m³ to 258.80 kg/m³. The water absorption analysis revealed that fungal composites have a high water retention capacity, which may limit their application in humid environments without additional treatment. This behavior is associated with the porous structure of the materials and the chemical composition of the plant residues used. Despite the low mechanical resistance observed, these materials are fully biodegradable and derived from renewable resources, representing a sustainable alternative for various industrial sectors. In addition to the technical approach, the research incorporates an educational dimension, proposing the creation of a booklet to disseminate the importance of biocomposites. The interdisciplinar nature of the study aims to accelerate the transition to sustainable practices, connecting technological innovation and environmental awareness. The work aspires to contribute to a circular economy, transforming waste into resources and promoting a more equitable and ecologically responsible future.