Mapeamento temporal de produtividade agrícola das culturas do milho (Zea mays L.) e da soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) no estado do Paraná

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of agricultural production in the state of Paraná, focusing on soybean and corn crops between 2014 and 2024. Historical data from DERAL (Department of Rural Economy of the State of Paraná) and geoprocessing techniques were used, enabling the development of thematic maps representing total production, productivity, and Gross Production Value (GPV) at the municipal scale. Soybean showed spatial stability throughout the decade, with consistent prominence in the Western, Central-Southern, and Campos Gerais regions, where municipalities such as Cascavel, Tibagi, Guarapuava, Toledo, and Ponta Grossa remained among the main producers. In 2024, soybean GPV reached approximately R$ 36.9 billion, highlighting its economic importance to the state. Corn, in contrast, exhibited more significant transformations. In 2014, the second crop covered a smaller area, mainly concentrated in the Campos Gerais region; by 2024, the Western region had consolidated itself as the main production hub, with municipalities such as Cascavel, Toledo, and Ubiratã leading the indicators. Corn GPV increased from about R$ 6.3 billion in 2014 to approximately R$ 14.2 billion in 2024, reflecting technological advances, expansion of the second crop, and improved productive efficiency. The results demonstrate the complementarity between soybean and corn and reinforce that geoprocessing is a fundamental tool for understanding agricultural dynamics and supporting territorial planning in Paraná.