Análise das mudanças espaciais e produtivas na produção de feijão no Brasil

Abstract

Brazil is among the world's leading producers of beans, a legume of broad nutritional relevance and an essential element of the daily diet of the Brazilian population. This food plays a central role not only in the food composition, but also in ensuring the country's food and nutritional security, being consumed in all regions and income groups. Despite the significant socioeconomic and cultural importance of beans, in recent decades there has been a trend of gradual reduction in the area destined to their cultivation. This phenomenon occurs even in the face of efforts to maintain nationally distributed production, a fundamental strategy to ensure continuous supply and mitigate risks associated with seasonality and regional climatic variations. In this context, the main objective of this study is to recognize and characterize the socioeconomic and productive specificities of the Brazilian states and micro-regions with greater specialization in bean production. To this end, data from the 2017 Agricultural Census will be used, which enable a dynamic spatial and productive analysis of the bean crop in Brazil between 2004 and 2023. To understand the spatial patterns, the work uses the Locational Quotient (QL) to measure the level of specialization of 558 Brazilian micro-regions over four five-year periods, thus being able to identify a concentration of bean production in 5 Brazilian regions, there is a tendency to reduce the total number of specialized micro-regions over time, indicating productive concentration in more competitive areas. Statistical analysis, including Pearson's correlation, shows that there is an indirect trend of beans colliding with other crops in the planting window, which can have an impact on production. The work shows that the production of beans in Brazil has undergone a spatial and productive reorganization, marked by technological modernization, territorial concentration and the influence of economic, climatic and social factors.