Análise dos impactos da alteração de um layout fabril na montagem e submontagem de componentes mecânicos

Abstract

This work presents an analysis of the impacts of factory layout changes on the assembly and subassembly of mechanical components, carried out as a continuation of a previous study. The justification for the research lies in the need to increase operational efficiency without significant external investments, prioritizing the reorganization of resources already available. The main objective was to compare the performance of the production process before and after the implementation of the new physical arrangement, in order to identify bottlenecks and propose improvements. The methodology was based on classical tools of industrial engineering, such as time study, spaghetti diagram, value stream mapping, and simulation through specialized software, which enabled precise data collection and analysis. The results showed that the assembly line had high levels of unnecessary movement, significant time spent searching for components and tools, as well as rework operations and various failures. With the implementation of the new layout, it was possible to completely eliminate rework times, reduce by 25% the movements associated with searching for tools and components, and eliminate failures caused by process deviations, resulting in an overall reduction of 16.32% in the total assembly time of a complete product. The conclusion highlights that, even without additional investments, the reorganization of the physical layout and the application of time study and process standardization methods are capable of promoting significant gains in productivity and quality. Finally, the study points out that the adoption of complementary measures, such as providing individual tool carts for each operator and hiring new collaborators, can further enhance line efficiency, representing perspectives for continuity and deepening of future improvements.