Linguagem simples como direito linguístico: análise dialógica de teleaudiências em processos judiciais previdenciários

Abstract

Given the demand for the simplification of institutional language already established in the discursive order in different spheres, and consolidated in the official Brazilian ideological system with the entry into force of Law No. 15,263 of November 14, 2025, which makes it mandatory in the communication of bodies and entities of all powers and entities of the federation, this research aims to analyze the dialogical relationships established in tele-hearings of social security judicial processes when invoking the linguistic right to simple language. It starts from the hypothesis that orality is a possible path to simplify official language in a national scenario of great inequalities, including linguistic ones. From this framework emerge the following specific objectives: a) to understand the constitution, formulation, and circulation of discourses on language simplification; b) to map the norms that act, within the official ideological system, as centripetal forces regulating language simplification as a linguistic right; c) to reflect on the discursive functioning and linguistic ideologies activated by the National Plain Language Policy; d) to analyze the updates in the teleaudience discourse genre stimulated by new socio-discursive realities; and e) to observe and analyze the interweaving of the teleaudience genre, in the official sphere, with online commentary, in the sphere of everyday life. The theoretical framework is organized into two axes: language theory in the dialogical/Bakhtinian conception and linguistic rights. The first is based on the foundational concepts of the Bakhtin Circle (Bakhtin, 2011[1979], 2015[1930-1936], 2018[1975], 2022[1929-1963]; Voloshinov, 2019[1921-1930]; 2021[2017]). The second is anchored in the field of linguistic rights (Sigales-Gonçalves, Fontana, 2024; Sigales-Gonçalves, 2020.a; Abreu, 2016, 2019, 2020; Rodrigues, 2018; Lagares, del Valle, 2024; Severo, 2022; Fajardo, 2011). From a methodological point of view, this is a qualitative-interpretative research based on the theoretical-methodological approaches of the Bakhtin Circle, which takes as parameters dialogic relations, chronotope (Bakhtin, 2018[1975]) and the verbivocovisual dimension of utterances (de Paula; Rodrigues Luciano, 2020.a, 2020b), among others. The research data consists of three teleconferences related to social security claims judged by the Federal Court of the municipality of Propriá (SE) regarding retirement, survivor’s pension, and maternity allowance. The statements are accessed through the social network Instagram, a virtual space where the magistrate himself, who conducts the interactions, disseminated them between 2024 and 2025. The data were selected because they mobilize the simplification of language as a linguistic right without expressly mentioning it or following guidelines set forth in regulations, manuals, or standards created in a laboratory. By practicing the principle of language simplification in concrete situations, directing it to real interlocutors, they create a common ground between the Judiciary and the population.