Análises de forças ao cisalhar metais com uma guilhotina manufaturada em chapas de aço

Abstract

Guillotining, as used in the process of cutting metal sheets, offers several advantages over the punching process, including greater precision and safety for the operator. Although the proposed guillotine is manufactured from welded SAE AISI 1045 Carbon Steel plates as the primary material, instead of cast iron, we have observed advantages in terms of weldability and maintainability. These characteristics contribute to the equipment's efficiency and durability. To determine the cutting forces, simplified cutting force formulas were applied through a four-bar mechanism, which acts as a force multiplier, further benefiting the reduction of cutting forces. All necessary mathematical iterations were performed using MATLAB and Excel. These analyses allowed us to evaluate the influence of the cutting angle on the cutting forces. Our calculations indicate that shearing a metal sheet using the guillotining process requires approximately 8kN of force, while punching requires 46kN. Computational simulations have confirmed that the main structure is robust and far from the yield limit. This study demonstrates the various advantages of using the guillotining process, including the reduction in cutting forces that allows for manual operation by the operator, as well as the ease of manufacturing guillotines with welded plates instead of cast ones.