Comunidades bacteriana e fúngica em diferentes solos agrícolas brasileiros

Abstract

Metabarcoding has revolutionized our understanding of soil microbial communities, revealing the complexity and importance of these ecosystems for environmental and agricultural health. This study aimed to characterize and compare the microbial diversity of different soil types from Brazilian states using amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA (for bacteria) and ITS (for fungi) regions.The results showed a diverse community. Among bacteria, the phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were prominent, with the genus Solirubrobacter being the most prevalent and Bacillus the most abundant. Both are microorganisms associated with organic matter transformation and potassium solubilization. The genus Streptomyces, known for its antibiotic production and biomass degradation, was also among the most abundant.In the fungal community, Microidium, associated with powdery mildew, predominated. The genus Fusarium was, on average, the most abundant, recognized for its role as a plant pathogen, although it also includes saprophytic species.The genus Trichoderma also stood out as one of the most abundant genera, demonstrating its established role as a biological control agent and plant growth promoter through mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and induced resistance.This work describes the complexity and importance of understanding the Brazilian soil microbiome, highlighting the main and most abundant genera and species present in the samples and relating these genera and species to their agricultural potential.