Estimação de frequência instantânea de sistema elétricos empregando geometria diferencial

Abstract

The stable and safe operation of electric power systems relies on various measurements, with electrical frequency being one of the most relevant in alternating current systems. This measurement plays a fundamental role in monitoring and controlling electromechanical oscillations and unstable dynamics. In this context, this work proposes an alternative approach for the calculation and determination of electrical frequency, employing concepts of differential geometry. This method, recently explored in the literature, is presented as an innovative and potentially efficient solution for application in intelligent electronic devices (IEDs). The research involves the development and implementation of computational routines that apply the principles of the proposed differential method. Validation was carried out based on widely used field frequency estimation methods, such as Phase-Locked Loop (PLL), Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), and the Kalman Filter. The tests included artificial signals, generated with controlled characteristics to simulate various operating conditions, as well as real signals obtained from oscillography data from the Itaipu Binacional Hydroelectric Power Plant, enabling the evaluation of the method's effectiveness in both simulated scenarios and real-world field conditions.