Geração distribuida: estudo de viabilidade para criação de uma associação civil de energia

Abstract

In recent years, the growing need to mitigate the impacts of climate change and seek sustainable alternatives to meet energy demand has driven a significant transformation in the energy sector. Micro and mini distributed generation have emerged as innovative solutions, changing the way energy is generated, consumed, and shared. This decentralized production model allows individual consumers and small enterprises to generate part or all of the energy they consume, using technologies such as photovoltaic solar panels, wind turbines, cogeneration systems, and small hydroelectric plants.The national regulation of this sector has gradually evolved, considering the international scenario, carbon emissions, job creation, and associated costs. The ANEEL Normative Resolution 482/2012 encouraged the connection of small generation units, especially from renewable sources, making distributed generation an attractive yet challenging investment due to the need for adequate equipment and specialized labor. With Law No. 14,300 of January 2022, which established the legal framework for micro and mini distributed generation, significant changes were introduced in the compensation and billing models for generated and consumed energy, addressing the demands from both sides of the debate between the private sector and utility companies.This work explores the technical, operational, regulatory, economic, social, and environmental foundations of distributed microgeneration. Additionally, a civil association was structured, demonstrating an innovative possibility within distributed generation by monitoring real systems and developing management tools. The results obtained in this study present an alternative to the current modalities and a possible future inclusion of Group B consumers in the free energy market, which may influence future decisions for the distributed generation sector.