Levantamento florístico da reserva legal do Sr. Joaquim Peres Montans em Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brasil

Abstract

The Atlantic Forest, one of the most diverse and threatened Phytogeographic Domains in Brazil, and the Araucaria Forest (Mixed Ombrophilous Forest), its characteristic formation in the Southern region, have undergone severe reduction over time, highlighting the importance of studies that document the remaining flora. In this context, this study aimed to carry out a preliminary floristic survey in the Legal Reserve of the property of Mr. Joaquim Peres Montans, in Campo Mourão, Paraná, an area that harbors characteristic species of this formation, such as Araucaria angustifolia, currently classified as endangered. The collections were conducted from September 2023 to September 2025, totaling nine field expeditions. A total of 150 vascular plant species were recorded, belonging to 67 families, with Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Rubiaceae, and Poaceae standing out as the most representative. Most species are native, with predominance of shrubs, herbs, trees and climbings. The study identified 11 species endemic to Brazil and 17 exclusives to the study area, namely Schinus spinosa, Baccharis milleflora, Hypochaeris chillensis, Eriocaulon leptophyllum, Eriocaulon arechavaletae, Escallonia bifida, Sigmoidotropis speciosa, Vitex megapotamica, Miconia sellowiana, Odontocarya acuparata, Myrceugenia glaucescens, Habenaria johannensis, Poaceae sp. 2, Paspalum conspersum, Xylosma ciliatifolia, Solanum incarceratum, and Drimys brasiliensis, mainly found along forest edges and near water bodies. Four species occurred only in wetlands, while two were restricted to marshy areas. Among the threatened species, Araucaria angustifolia and the tree fern Dicksonia sellowiana were recorded. Wetland areas also hosted rare species in Paraná, such as Eriocaulon leptophyllum and Eriocaulon arechavaletae. Regarding dispersal syndromes, zoochory was predominant, with 62 species, followed by anemochory with 49 species, while autochory occurred in 39 species. The area also presented eight naturalized species, four of which are recognized as invasive species for the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest, and two of which exhibit invasive behavior in the area: Hovenia dulcis, and Hedychium coronarium. Even as a preliminary survey, the results show that the study area supports a rich flora, including rare, endemic, and threatened species, reinforcing the importance of continuing collections and adopting conservation measures to protect the native vegetation of these forest remnants.