Avaliação da eficiência hidráulica de soluções tradicionais e sustentáveis de drenagem urbana em Guarapuava-PR: uma abordagem via modelagem no SWMM

Abstract

Historically, urban drainage in the country has been based on hygienist practices, designed to rapidly collect and convey runoff through gray infrastructure. However, such conventional approaches have proven insufficient in the face of unplanned urban growth, soil impermeabilization, and the resulting environmental and social impacts. In this context, compensatory techniques (CTs), aligned with the concept of Nature-Based Solutions (NbS), emerge as viable alternatives to reduce surface runoff, promote infiltration and detention, improve water quality, and mitigate flood risks. This study focuses on Vila Carli, a flood-prone neighborhood in Guarapuava–PR, included in the Municipal Drainage Plan. Two compensatory devices—infiltration trenches and a detention basin — were evaluated individually and in combination, aiming to analyze their hydraulic efficiency and compare their performance against the traditional drainage system. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) software was used to carry out hydrodynamic simulations across a 21-block area, supported by geoprocessing and spatial modeling tools.The results showed that infiltration trenches increased permeable areas, reduced runoff, and improved inlet efficiency at storm drains. The detention basin proved effective in reducing flow at the final outlet and delaying peak discharges, although its effects were mostly concentrated downstream. The combined scenario achieved the best overall performance, integrating the benefits of both approaches. These findings reinforce the importance of integrating compensatory techniques into consolidated urban areas, not only as a flood mitigation strategy but also as a support tool for resilient and sustainable public policies.