Avaliação multiambiente de cultivares de feijão comum em Santa Catarina: integração de metodologias estatísticas para identificação de cultivares superiores e estáveis

Abstract

Common bean is one of the most produced and consumed edible legumes on a global scale, standing out as an important source of income for farmers in family farming, as well as critical for food and nutritional security. The crop can be cultivated in different production systems and sowing seasons. It is known that different cultivars of common bean tend to respond differently to environmental changes. These differences are attributed to genotype × environment (G×E) interaction, which can be studied through tests of adaptability and phenotypic stability, which will assist in selecting the best cultivars. In this context, this work aimed to estimate the adaptability and stability of grain yield of 18 common bean cultivars in 17 environments in the state of Santa Catarina, using different statistical estimation methods and identify cultivars with good productive potential and high adaptability and stability for regional cultivation. Seventeen experiments were conducted between 2016 and 2018 in two planting seasons (rainy season and dry season), in various locations in the state of Santa Catarina. Statistical analyses of adaptability and stability were performed using the methodologies of Lin and Binns modified by Carneiro, AMMI-biplot, GGE-biplot, WAASB and WAASBY. Based on maximum concordance among the analysis methodologies, the cultivars SCS 205 - Riqueza, SCS 204 - Predileto and BRS Esteio emerged as superior in adaptability and stability. The SCS 205 - Riqueza cultivar stood out for the balanced combination of broad adaptability, consistent phenotypic stability and high productivity, presenting convergent selection among all methodologies, thus being recommended for the edaphoclimatic conditions of Santa Catarina. BRS Esteio presents the maximum productivity among the evaluated cultivars, being particularly indicated for favorable environments with consistent rainfall regime. SCS 204 - Predileto consolidated itself as a cultivar of broad regional adaptation, maintaining high productive stability compared to other cultivars, constituting itself as a safe and reliable alternative for different cultivation conditions in Santa Catarina.