Desempenho econômico de sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária

Abstract

The Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems (ICLS) can promote improvements in soil quality, increased productivity per unit area, and greater profitability, as diversification of activities reduces the associated risks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic viability of ICLS. The work was divided into two studies: 1) Economic viability of an integrated croplivestock system: supplement levels and phosphorus and potassium doses; 2) Economic viability of three production systems: Integrated Crop-Livestock System. The first study evaluated an ICLS, where animals received supplementation in winter pasture with system fertilization performed during the planting of forage crops. The treatments evaluated were three levels of supplementation for the animals: 0.0%, 0.3%, and 0.5% of body weight, and four doses of P2O5 and K2O in summer crops, being 00/00 kg ha-1, 30/30 kg ha-1, 60/60 kg ha-1, and 90/90 kg ha-1, respectively. The second study evaluated a simulation of three 100-hectare farms, each representing a production system (ICLS, Livestock, and Crop). For both studies, all costs and revenues of the system were considered to form the cash flow for each treatment. After that, two approaches were applied to evaluate the return and risk dimensions of each treatment: Expanded Multi-Index Methodology (EMIM) and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). The results indicated that all treatments in study 1 are economically viable. However, some treatments stood out from the others. Thus, considering the soil conditions of this study, it can be stated that providing 0.5% energy supplementation to the animals during the winter period in integrated systems is more economically viable. In addition, under the soil conditions of the present research, it is advantageous not to apply fertilization during the cropping phase, that is, to use system fertilization, with fertilizer application only on the pasture preceding the crop. For study 2, all the systems evaluated are economically viable. However, SIPA stands out for its strong performance, characterized by a greater financial surplus and stable cash flow.